Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
5.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
6.98 |
7.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
74.20 |
78.10 |
84.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
13.82 |
14.55 |
15.70 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
44.18 |
46.50 |
50.19 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.52 |
5.81 |
6.27 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
37.69 |
39.67 |
42.82 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.53 |
0.56 |
0.60 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.12 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.72 |
17.73 |
19.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
18.05 |
19.00 |
20.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
17.68 |
18.61 |
20.09 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 277 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 232 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biochemical analysis
|
| |
Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin
|
| | |
Cellulose |
wt%
(dry)
|
36.80 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| | |
Hemicellulose |
wt%
(dry)
|
25.40 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| | |
Lignin |
wt%
(dry)
|
16.90 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Other
|
| | |
Total ash + biochemical |
wt%
(dry)
|
86.45 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
Physical Properties
|
|
Commonly used properties
|
| |
Bulk density (ar) |
kg/m³
(ar)
|
126 |
|
|
|
|
|
|