Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
21.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
8.90 |
11.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
51.60 |
66.07 |
74.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
17.60 |
22.53 |
25.43 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
35.43 |
45.36 |
51.20 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
4.64 |
5.94 |
6.70 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
28.02 |
35.88 |
40.50 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.69 |
0.89 |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.42 |
0.53 |
0.60 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
14.00 |
18.61 |
21.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
15.55 |
19.90 |
22.47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
14.67 |
18.79 |
21.20 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
41.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
6.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
7.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|