railroad ties, sleepers (#876)
| ID-number | #876 |
|---|---|
| Material | railroad ties, sleepers |
| Classification | ECN Phyllis classification ▸ treated wood ▸ organic impregnated ▸ railroad ties, sleepers |
| NTA 8003 classification ▸ [100] hout ▸ [150] verwerkt hout ▸ [180] geïmpregneerd hout (C-hout) ▸ [184] geïmpregneerd hout: organische middelen niet-gehalogeneerd | |
| Ash type | 815 degC ISO 1171 |
| Submitter organisation | ECN (Netherlands) |
| Remarks | moisture ISO 589; ash 815 C ISO 1171; cal. value ISO 1928; ash deformation temperature ISO 540 |
| Literature | PNEM, PGEM and BFI: Thermische houtbewerking (confidential report, in Dutch) (1993). |
Values
| Property | Unit | Value | Std dev | Det lim | Lab | Date | Method | Remarks | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ar | dry | daf | ||||||||||||||||||
Fuel Properties |
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Proximate Analysis |
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| Moisture content | wt% | 30.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ash content | wt% | 1.75 | 2.50 | |||||||||||||||||
Ultimate Analysis |
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| Carbon | wt% | 35.20 | 50.29 | 51.58 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Hydrogen | wt% | 4.20 | 6.00 | 6.15 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Nitrogen | wt% | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.29 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Sulphur | wt% | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.06 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Oxygen | wt% | 28.60 | 40.86 | 41.90 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
| Total (with halides) | wt% | 100.01 | 100.01 | 100.01 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Calorific Values |
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| Net calorific value (LHV) | MJ/kg | 10.25 | 15.69 | 16.09 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross calorific value (HHV) | MJ/kg | 11.90 | 17.00 | 17.44 | ||||||||||||||||
| HHVMilne | MJ/kg | 14.08 | 20.11 | 20.62 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Chemical Analyses |
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Halides |
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| Chlorine (Cl) | mg/kg | 190.0 | 271.4 | 278.4 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Fluorine (F) | mg/kg (dry) | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Minor elements |
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| Arsenic (As) | mg/kg (dry) | 1.1 | Measured | |||||||||||||||||
| Cadmium (Cd) | mg/kg (dry) | 0.3 | Measured | |||||||||||||||||
| Chromium (Cr) | mg/kg (dry) | 7.0 | Measured | |||||||||||||||||
| Copper (Cu) | mg/kg (dry) | 14.0 | Measured | |||||||||||||||||
| Lead (Pb) | mg/kg (dry) | 79.0 | Measured | |||||||||||||||||
| Zinc (Zn) | mg/kg (dry) | 286.0 | Measured | |||||||||||||||||
| Mercury (Hg) | mg/kg (dry) | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other elements |
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| Tin (Sn) | mg/kg (dry) | 1.0 | Measured | |||||||||||||||||
| Antimony (Sb) | mg/kg (dry) | 1.0 | Measured | |||||||||||||||||