Main biomass properties
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|
Proximate analysis
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| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
8.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
1.66 |
1.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
44.00 |
47.83 |
48.70 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.60 |
6.09 |
6.20 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
37.00 |
40.22 |
40.95 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
3.60 |
3.91 |
3.98 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.07 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.11 |
100.12 |
100.12 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
1 800.0 |
1 956.5 |
1 992.4 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Fluorine (F) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.06 |
17.67 |
18.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
17.48 |
19.00 |
19.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
17.52 |
19.04 |
19.39 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Arsenic (As) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Chromium (Cr) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
5.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
16.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
65.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Antimony (Sb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Tin (Sn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Zinc (Zn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
163.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 135 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 175 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|