Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
14.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
2.32 |
2.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
41.30 |
48.02 |
49.36 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.20 |
6.05 |
6.21 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
36.40 |
42.33 |
43.50 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.42 |
0.49 |
0.50 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.09 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
99.77 |
99.73 |
99.72 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
370.0 |
430.2 |
442.2 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Fluorine (F) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
15.04 |
17.88 |
18.38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.51 |
19.20 |
19.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
16.51 |
19.20 |
19.73 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Arsenic (As) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Chromium (Cr) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
12.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
17.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
291.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Antimony (Sb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Tin (Sn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Zinc (Zn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
523.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 195 |
|
|
|
|
|
|