Main biomass properties
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|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
9.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
2.50 |
2.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
43.80 |
48.13 |
49.49 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.40 |
5.93 |
6.10 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
38.80 |
42.64 |
43.84 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.43 |
0.47 |
0.49 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.11 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.05 |
100.05 |
100.05 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
160.0 |
175.8 |
180.8 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Fluorine (F) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.07 |
17.91 |
18.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
17.47 |
19.20 |
19.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
17.34 |
19.05 |
19.59 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Arsenic (As) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
13.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Chromium (Cr) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
33.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
385.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
275.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Antimony (Sb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
4.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Tin (Sn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Zinc (Zn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
715.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 120 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 160 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 175 |
|
|
|
|
|
|