almond hulls (#708)

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ID-number#708
Materialalmond hulls
Classification ECN Phyllis classification ▸ husk/shell/pit ▸ almond ▸ almond hulls
NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [230] restproducten (doppen) ▸ [235] amandeldoppen
Submitter organisationECN (Netherlands)
Literaturehttp://rredc.nrel.gov:80/biomass/doe/nrel/comp/alki/appendix.html (1998). Link obsolete. Instead, try http://www.nrel.gov/rredc/biomass_resource.html

Values

Property Unit Value Std dev Det lim Lab Date Method Remarks
ar dry daf

Main biomass properties

Proximate analysis
Moisture content wt% 8.18
Ash content wt% 5.67 6.18
Volatile matter wt% 67.22 73.21 78.03
Fixed carbon wt% 18.93 20.62 21.97 Calculated

Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
Carbon wt% 42.70 46.50 49.56 Measured
Hydrogen wt% 5.48 5.97 6.36 Measured
Oxygen wt% 36.82 40.10 42.74 Calculated
Nitrogen wt% 1.06 1.15 1.23 Measured
Sulphur wt% 0.04 0.04 0.05 Measured
Total (with halides) wt% 100.00 100.00 100.00 Calculated

Halides
Chlorine (Cl) mg/kg 500.0 544.5 580.4 Measured

Heating value
Net calorific value (LHV) MJ/kg 15.84 17.47 18.62
Gross calorific value (HHV) MJ/kg 17.23 18.77 20.00
HHVMilne MJ/kg 17.18 18.71 19.94 Calculated

Ash Properties

Ash composition
P2O5 wt% (ash) 4.85
SiO2 wt% (ash) 7.17
Fe2O3 wt% (ash) 1.01
Al2O3 wt% (ash) 1.33
CaO wt% (ash) 8.39
MgO wt% (ash) 3.22
Na2O wt% (ash) 0.84
K2O wt% (ash) 36.71