railroad ties, sleepers (#654)
| ID-number | #654 |
|---|---|
| Material | railroad ties, sleepers |
| Classification | ECN Phyllis classification ▸ treated wood ▸ organic impregnated ▸ railroad ties, sleepers |
| NTA 8003 classification ▸ [100] hout ▸ [150] verwerkt hout ▸ [180] geïmpregneerd hout (C-hout) ▸ [184] geïmpregneerd hout: organische middelen niet-gehalogeneerd | |
| Sample lot size | < 3 mm |
| Ash type | ISO 1171 (815 degC) |
| Submitter organisation | ECN (Netherlands) |
| Literature | J. W. Vermeulen and A. van der Drift: Brandstoffen uit reststromen voor circulerend wervelbedvergassing, rapportage fase 2, (non-confidential version, in Dutch), Haarlem, NV Afvalzorg (1998). |
Values
| Property | Unit | Value | Std dev | Det lim | Lab | Date | Method | Remarks | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ar | dry | daf | ||||||||||||||||||
Main biomass properties |
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Proximate analysis |
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| Moisture content | wt% | 9.60 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ash content | wt% | 0.81 | 0.90 | |||||||||||||||||
| Volatile matter | wt% | 69.79 | 77.20 | 77.90 | ||||||||||||||||
| Fixed carbon | wt% | 19.80 | 21.90 | 22.10 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Ultimate analysis (macroelements) |
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| Carbon | wt% | 48.36 | 53.50 | 53.99 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Hydrogen | wt% | 4.97 | 5.50 | 5.55 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Oxygen | wt% | 35.96 | 39.78 | 40.14 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
| Nitrogen | wt% | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.30 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Sulphur | wt% | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Total (with halides) | wt% | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Halides |
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| Chlorine (Cl) | mg/kg | 90.4 | 100.0 | 100.9 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Fluorine (F) | mg/kg | 9.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
Heating value |
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| Net calorific value (LHV) | MJ/kg | 17.85 | 20.00 | 20.18 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross calorific value (HHV) | MJ/kg | 19.16 | 21.20 | 21.39 | ||||||||||||||||
| HHVMilne | MJ/kg | 18.71 | 20.69 | 20.88 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Physical Properties |
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Commonly used properties |
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| Bulk density (ar) | kg/m³ (ar) | 500 | ||||||||||||||||||