Main biomass properties
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|
Proximate analysis
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| |
Moisture content |
wt%
(ar)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
|
10.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
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| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
|
45.09 |
50.26 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
|
4.97 |
5.54 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
|
35.61 |
39.69 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
|
3.30 |
3.68 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
|
0.16 |
0.18 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
|
5 900.0 |
6 576.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
17.06 |
19.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
18.15 |
20.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
|
17.15 |
19.11 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
5.9 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.9 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
840 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 560 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 590 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
17.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
8.79 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
6.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
14.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
44.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
4.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
59.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|