Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
42.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
1.86 |
3.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
27.77 |
47.88 |
49.46 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
3.17 |
5.47 |
5.65 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
24.81 |
42.78 |
44.19 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.27 |
0.46 |
0.48 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.03 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
870.0 |
1 500.0 |
1 549.6 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
9.31 |
17.83 |
18.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
11.04 |
19.03 |
19.66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
10.63 |
18.33 |
18.93 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
4.5 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
900 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
990 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 120 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.49 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
50.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.67 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
20.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
12.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
87.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|