Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
45.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
2.63 |
4.79 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
26.35 |
47.90 |
50.31 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
3.05 |
5.54 |
5.82 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
22.58 |
41.05 |
43.12 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.28 |
0.51 |
0.54 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.04 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
770.0 |
1 400.0 |
1 470.4 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
8.78 |
17.96 |
18.86 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
10.55 |
19.18 |
20.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
10.23 |
18.61 |
19.54 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
3.6 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
830 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 080 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 140 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.85 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
70.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
8.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
9.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
27.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
113.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|