Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
28.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
1.81 |
2.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
35.22 |
48.92 |
50.18 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
4.00 |
5.56 |
5.70 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
30.19 |
41.93 |
43.01 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.48 |
0.67 |
0.69 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.03 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
2 592.0 |
3 600.0 |
3 693.1 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
12.32 |
18.06 |
18.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
13.88 |
19.28 |
19.78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
13.60 |
18.89 |
19.37 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
810 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
860 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 040 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
40.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
7.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
24.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
23.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
52.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|