Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
49.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
2.01 |
3.94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
24.03 |
47.11 |
49.04 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
2.93 |
5.74 |
5.98 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
21.56 |
42.27 |
44.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.26 |
0.50 |
0.52 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.03 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
1 938.0 |
3 800.0 |
3 955.9 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
7.77 |
17.59 |
18.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
9.61 |
18.85 |
19.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
9.42 |
18.47 |
19.22 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
3.6 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
880 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 040 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.53 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
68.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
12.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
18.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
81.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|