Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
25.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
2.74 |
3.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
36.20 |
48.26 |
50.09 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
4.11 |
5.48 |
5.69 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
31.65 |
42.20 |
43.80 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.19 |
0.25 |
0.26 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
1 050.0 |
1 400.0 |
1 453.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
12.76 |
17.83 |
18.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
14.28 |
19.04 |
19.76 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
13.92 |
18.55 |
19.26 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
880 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 240 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
75.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
11.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
17.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
33.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|