Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
30.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
1.91 |
2.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
33.91 |
48.44 |
49.80 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
3.82 |
5.45 |
5.60 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
29.90 |
42.71 |
43.91 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.32 |
0.45 |
0.46 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.03 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
1 260.0 |
1 800.0 |
1 850.5 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
11.86 |
17.99 |
18.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
13.44 |
19.19 |
19.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
12.95 |
18.51 |
19.03 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
860 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
940 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 110 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
45.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
29.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
34.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
88.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|