Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
42.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
1.69 |
2.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
27.92 |
48.14 |
49.59 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
3.17 |
5.47 |
5.63 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
24.67 |
42.53 |
43.81 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.31 |
0.53 |
0.55 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
2 204.0 |
3 800.0 |
3 914.3 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
9.36 |
17.91 |
18.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
11.08 |
19.11 |
19.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
10.69 |
18.44 |
18.99 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
830 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
55.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
17.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
17.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
33.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|