Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
46.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
2.13 |
3.94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
26.20 |
48.51 |
50.50 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
2.94 |
5.45 |
5.67 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
22.47 |
41.62 |
43.33 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.17 |
0.32 |
0.33 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.03 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
540.0 |
1 000.0 |
1 041.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
8.62 |
18.05 |
18.79 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
10.40 |
19.25 |
20.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
10.08 |
18.66 |
19.43 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.8 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
730 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 090 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 160 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
74.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.49 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
7.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
10.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
20.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
135.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|