Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
45.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
2.27 |
4.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
26.22 |
47.67 |
49.72 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
3.08 |
5.60 |
5.84 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
22.94 |
41.70 |
43.50 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.27 |
0.49 |
0.51 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.03 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
1 925.0 |
3 500.0 |
3 650.8 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
8.73 |
17.88 |
18.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
10.51 |
19.11 |
19.93 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
10.20 |
18.54 |
19.34 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.7 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
5.4 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
850 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 020 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 090 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 220 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
77.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
6.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
9.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
22.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
518.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|