Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
38.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
3.27 |
5.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
29.64 |
47.80 |
50.46 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
3.35 |
5.40 |
5.70 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
25.38 |
40.94 |
43.22 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.23 |
0.37 |
0.39 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.03 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
992.0 |
1 600.0 |
1 689.2 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
10.12 |
17.82 |
18.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
11.79 |
19.01 |
20.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
11.41 |
18.41 |
19.43 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
3.2 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 290 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 350 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
85.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.88 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
8.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
18.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|