Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
42.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
3.17 |
5.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
27.83 |
47.99 |
50.76 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
3.14 |
5.42 |
5.73 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
23.09 |
39.81 |
42.11 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.64 |
1.10 |
1.16 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.06 |
0.11 |
0.12 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
638.0 |
1 100.0 |
1 163.5 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
9.45 |
18.07 |
19.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
11.17 |
19.26 |
20.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
10.76 |
18.55 |
19.62 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
4.4 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.9 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
650 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 030 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 220 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.87 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
75.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
10.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
5.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
23.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|