Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
42.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
3.20 |
5.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
28.48 |
49.11 |
51.97 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
3.02 |
5.21 |
5.51 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
22.41 |
38.63 |
40.88 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.76 |
1.31 |
1.39 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.07 |
0.12 |
0.13 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
638.0 |
1 100.0 |
1 164.1 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
9.40 |
17.98 |
19.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
11.11 |
19.15 |
20.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
10.89 |
18.77 |
19.86 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
5.8 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
970 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 040 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 230 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 480 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
57.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
7.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
7.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
13.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
54.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|