Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
45.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
3.06 |
5.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
26.56 |
48.29 |
51.13 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
2.98 |
5.42 |
5.74 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
21.88 |
39.78 |
42.12 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.35 |
0.63 |
0.67 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.04 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
1 375.0 |
2 500.0 |
2 647.2 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
8.77 |
17.94 |
18.99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
10.52 |
19.13 |
20.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
10.29 |
18.71 |
19.81 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
10.2 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
970 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 060 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 220 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
85.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
8.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
20.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|