Main biomass properties
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|
Proximate analysis
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| |
Moisture content |
wt%
(ar)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
|
22.91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
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| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
|
34.41 |
44.64 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
|
3.76 |
4.88 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
|
36.70 |
47.61 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
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| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
|
1.50 |
1.95 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
|
0.18 |
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
|
5 400.0 |
7 004.8 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
14.89 |
19.32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
15.72 |
20.39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
|
11.86 |
15.39 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
8.2 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
16.7 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 220 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 260 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
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|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
6.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.97 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
53.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
10.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.97 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
10.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
23.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
38.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|