Main biomass properties
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|
Proximate analysis
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| |
Moisture content |
wt%
(ar)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
|
11.32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
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| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
|
40.43 |
45.59 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
|
4.71 |
5.31 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
|
40.35 |
45.50 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
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| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
|
2.48 |
2.80 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
|
0.30 |
0.34 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
|
4 100.0 |
4 623.4 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
15.28 |
17.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
16.31 |
18.39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
|
14.74 |
16.62 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
4.5 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 160 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 350 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 690 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 750 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
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|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
17.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.53 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
7.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
18.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.95 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
35.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
4.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
33.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|