Main biomass properties
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|
Proximate analysis
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| |
Moisture content |
wt%
(ar)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
|
6.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
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| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
|
46.44 |
49.74 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
|
5.24 |
5.61 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
|
40.64 |
43.53 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
|
0.51 |
0.55 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
|
0.06 |
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
|
4 800.0 |
5 140.8 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
17.12 |
18.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
18.27 |
19.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
|
17.73 |
18.99 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
860 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 220 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
66.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.09 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
20.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
13.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|