wheat straw (#455)

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ID-number#455
Materialwheat straw
Classification ECN Phyllis classification ▸ straw (stalk/cob/ear) ▸ wheat ▸ wheat straw
NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [220] stro ▸ [223] tarwestro
Ash typelaboratory
Submitter organisationECN (Netherlands)
Literaturehttp://edv1.vt.tuwien.ac.at/AG_HOFBA/BIOBIB/Biobib.htm (1997).

Values

Property Unit Value Std dev Det lim Lab Date Method Remarks
ar dry daf

Fuel Properties

Proximate Analysis
Moisture content wt% (ar)
Ash content wt% 4.35

Ultimate Analysis
Carbon wt% 47.82 49.99 Unknown
Hydrogen wt% 5.29 5.53 Unknown
Nitrogen wt% 0.47 0.49 Unknown
Sulphur wt% 0.08 0.08 Unknown
Oxygen wt% 41.59 43.48 Calculated
Total (with halides) wt% 100.00 100.00 Calculated

Calorific Values
Net calorific value (LHV) MJ/kg 17.72 18.53
Gross calorific value (HHV) MJ/kg 18.89 19.75
HHVMilne MJ/kg 18.19 19.02 Calculated

Chemical Analyses

Halides
Chlorine (Cl) mg/kg 4 000.0 4 181.9 Unknown

Minor elements
Cadmium (Cd) mg/kg (dry) 0.2 Unknown
Copper (Cu) mg/kg (dry) 1.9 Unknown
Lead (Pb) mg/kg (dry) 0.1 Unknown
Mercury (Hg) mg/kg (dry) 0.0 Unknown

Physical Properties

Ash melting behaviour

American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
IDT (initial deformation temperature) °C 860
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) °C 900
HT (hemispherical temperature) °C 1 040
FT (fluid temperature) °C 1 080

Ash Properties

Ash composition
CO2 wt% (ash) 3.80
SO3 wt% (ash) 4.56
Cl wt% (ash) 6.37
P2O5 wt% (ash) 2.18
SiO2 wt% (ash) 39.20
Fe2O3 wt% (ash) 0.19
Al2O3 wt% (ash) 0.20
CaO wt% (ash) 8.70
MgO wt% (ash) 2.27
Na2O wt% (ash) 0.16
K2O wt% (ash) 26.20
Pb mg/kg (ash) 3.0
Cd mg/kg (ash) 0.1
Cu mg/kg (ash) 28.0
Hg mg/kg (ash) 0.0