barley (#435)

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ID-number#435
Materialbarley
Classification ECN Phyllis classification ▸ straw (stalk/cob/ear) ▸ barley ▸ barley
NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [220] stro ▸ [222] gerstestro
Ash typeindustrial
Submitter organisationECN (Netherlands)
Remarks57% of Na2O in ash is acid extractible, 65% of K2O in ash is acid extractible
LiteratureW. R. Livingston: Straw ash characteristics, Babcock Energy Limited, DE92 519748, 23 p. (1991).

Values

Property Unit Value Std dev Det lim Lab Date Method Remarks
ar dry daf

Main biomass properties

Proximate analysis
Moisture content wt% 7.30
Ash content wt% 5.93 6.40
Volatile matter wt% 69.90 75.40 80.56
Fixed carbon wt% 16.87 18.20 19.44 Calculated

Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
Carbon wt% 42.73 46.09 49.25 Measured
Hydrogen wt% 5.50 5.93 6.34 Measured
Oxygen wt% 37.14 40.07 42.81 Calculated
Nitrogen wt% 0.72 0.78 0.83 Measured
Sulphur wt% 0.31 0.33 0.36 Measured
Total (with halides) wt% 100.00 100.00 100.00 Calculated

Halides
Chlorine (Cl) mg/kg 3 600.0 3 883.5 4 149.0 Measured

Heating value
Net calorific value (LHV) MJ/kg 15.56 16.98 18.14
Gross calorific value (HHV) MJ/kg 16.94 18.27 19.52
HHVMilne MJ/kg 17.23 18.59 19.86 Calculated

Ash melting behaviour

American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
IDT (initial deformation temperature) °C 1 120
HT (hemispherical temperature) °C 1 180
FT (fluid temperature) °C 1 230

American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
IDT (initial deformation temperature) °C 1 060
HT (hemispherical temperature) °C 1 170
FT (fluid temperature) °C 1 210

Ash Properties

Ash composition
SO3 wt% (ash) 2.90
P2O5 wt% (ash) 4.06
SiO2 wt% (ash) 50.92
Fe2O3 wt% (ash) 0.40
Al2O3 wt% (ash) 0.09
CaO wt% (ash) 11.60
MgO wt% (ash) 1.79
Na2O wt% (ash) 1.01
K2O wt% (ash) 14.50
TiO2 wt% (ash) 0.10