Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
7.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
5.93 |
6.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
69.90 |
75.40 |
80.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
16.87 |
18.20 |
19.44 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
42.73 |
46.09 |
49.25 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.50 |
5.93 |
6.34 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
37.14 |
40.07 |
42.81 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.72 |
0.78 |
0.83 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.31 |
0.33 |
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
3 600.0 |
3 883.5 |
4 149.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
15.56 |
16.98 |
18.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.94 |
18.27 |
19.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
17.23 |
18.59 |
19.86 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 120 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 180 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 230 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 060 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 210 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
50.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.09 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
11.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.79 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
14.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|