wheat straw (#424)

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ID-number#424
Materialwheat straw
Classification ECN Phyllis classification ▸ straw (stalk/cob/ear) ▸ wheat ▸ wheat straw
NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [220] stro ▸ [223] tarwestro
Ash typelaboratory
Submitter organisationECN (Netherlands)
Literaturehttp://edv1.vt.tuwien.ac.at/AG_HOFBA/BIOBIB/Biobib.htm (1997).

Values

Property Unit Value Std dev Det lim Lab Date Method Remarks
ar dry daf

Fuel Properties

Proximate Analysis
Moisture content wt% (ar)
Ash content wt% 5.04

Ultimate Analysis
Carbon wt% 46.02 48.46 Unknown
Hydrogen wt% 5.50 5.79 Unknown
Nitrogen wt% 1.65 1.74 Unknown
Sulphur wt% 0.10 0.11 Unknown
Oxygen wt% 41.44 43.64 Calculated
Total (with halides) wt% 100.00 100.00 Calculated

Calorific Values
Net calorific value (LHV) MJ/kg 17.21 18.12
Gross calorific value (HHV) MJ/kg 18.42 19.39
HHVMilne MJ/kg 17.73 18.67 Calculated

Chemical Analyses

Halides
Chlorine (Cl) mg/kg 2 500.0 2 632.7 Unknown

Minor elements
Cadmium (Cd) mg/kg (dry) 0.1 Unknown
Copper (Cu) mg/kg (dry) 3.5 Unknown
Lead (Pb) mg/kg (dry) 0.2 Unknown
Mercury (Hg) mg/kg (dry) 0.0 Unknown

Physical Properties

Ash melting behaviour

American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
IDT (initial deformation temperature) °C 970
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) °C 1 020
HT (hemispherical temperature) °C 1 120
FT (fluid temperature) °C 1 180

Ash Properties

Ash composition
CO2 wt% (ash) 1.90
SO3 wt% (ash) 1.12
Cl wt% (ash) 1.96
P2O5 wt% (ash) 6.42
SiO2 wt% (ash) 35.30
Fe2O3 wt% (ash) 0.25
Al2O3 wt% (ash) 0.35
CaO wt% (ash) 4.10
MgO wt% (ash) 1.96
Na2O wt% (ash) 0.08
K2O wt% (ash) 11.20
Pb mg/kg (ash) 2.0
Cd mg/kg (ash) 0.1
Cu mg/kg (ash) 33.0
Hg mg/kg (ash) 0.0