Main biomass properties
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|
Proximate analysis
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| |
Moisture content |
wt%
(ar)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
|
7.66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
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| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
|
49.84 |
53.97 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
|
6.07 |
6.57 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
|
33.30 |
36.06 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
|
1.84 |
1.99 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
|
0.66 |
0.71 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
|
6 300.0 |
6 822.6 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
20.15 |
21.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
21.49 |
23.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
|
20.74 |
22.46 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
4.1 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
900 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 420 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 660 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 750 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
13.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
14.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
7.86 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
24.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
25.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
3.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
36.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hg |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|