Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
11.09 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content at 550°C |
wt%
|
8.71 |
9.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
59.55 |
66.98 |
74.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
20.64 |
23.22 |
25.74 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
43.57 |
49.01 |
54.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.46 |
6.14 |
6.81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
29.79 |
33.51 |
37.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
1.24 |
1.39 |
1.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.12 |
0.14 |
0.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
99.99 |
99.99 |
99.99 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
15.73 |
18.00 |
19.96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
17.20 |
19.35 |
21.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
18.24 |
20.52 |
22.74 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
European standard method
|
| | |
DEF (deformation temperature) |
°C
|
961 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HE (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 206 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FL (flow temperature) |
°C
|
1 281 |
|
|
|
|
|
|