Main biomass properties
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|
Proximate analysis
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| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
10.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content at 550°C |
wt%
|
7.99 |
8.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
63.49 |
70.70 |
77.61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
18.32 |
20.40 |
22.39 |
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|
|
|
Calculated |
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|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
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| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
41.58 |
46.30 |
50.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
4.85 |
5.40 |
5.93 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
33.59 |
37.41 |
41.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
1.15 |
1.28 |
1.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.15 |
0.17 |
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
4 849.2 |
5 400.0 |
5 927.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
15.33 |
17.35 |
19.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.65 |
18.54 |
20.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
16.32 |
18.17 |
19.95 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Aluminium (Al) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
520.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Calcium (Ca) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
3 700.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Chromium (Cr) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
56.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
191.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Iron (Fe) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
800.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
27 800.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Magnesium (Mg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2 200.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Manganese (Mn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
67.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
360.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Nickel (Ni) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
28.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Phosphorus (P) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1 400.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Silicon (Si) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
10 000.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Titanium (Ti) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
31.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Vanadium (V) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
7.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
| |
Zinc (Zn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
382.0 |
|
|
|
|
ICP/OES |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
European standard method
|
| | |
DEF (deformation temperature) |
°C
|
950 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HE (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 020 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FL (flow temperature) |
°C
|
1 050 |
|
|
|
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|