Main biomass properties
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|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
7.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content at 550°C |
wt%
|
8.29 |
8.98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
74.78 |
81.00 |
88.99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
9.25 |
10.02 |
11.01 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
46.71 |
50.60 |
55.59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
6.26 |
6.78 |
7.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
29.70 |
32.17 |
35.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
1.04 |
1.13 |
1.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.31 |
0.34 |
0.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.53 |
100.57 |
100.63 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
5 262.2 |
5 700.0 |
6 262.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
17.44 |
19.09 |
20.97 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
19.00 |
20.58 |
22.61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
20.42 |
22.12 |
24.30 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
European standard method
|
| | |
DEF (deformation temperature) |
°C
|
954 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HE (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 035 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FL (flow temperature) |
°C
|
1 230 |
|
|
|
|
|
|