Main biomass properties
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|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
8.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content at 550°C |
wt%
|
3.43 |
3.76 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
77.63 |
85.03 |
88.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
10.23 |
11.21 |
11.65 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
48.10 |
52.68 |
54.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
6.14 |
6.73 |
6.99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
33.10 |
36.25 |
37.67 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.37 |
0.41 |
0.43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.16 |
0.17 |
0.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
17.22 |
19.09 |
19.84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
18.78 |
20.57 |
21.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
20.47 |
22.42 |
23.29 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
European standard method
|
| | |
DEF (deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 304 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HE (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 453 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FL (flow temperature) |
°C
|
1 457 |
|
|
|
|
|
|