Cynara cardunculus -L. (#3508)
| ID-number | #3508 |
|---|---|
| Material | Cynara cardunculus -L. |
| Alternative name | Cardoon |
| Description | Perennial, herbaceous crop of Mediterranean origin well adapted to the xerothermic conditions of Southern Europe, with a potential for high yields in such climates (1), (2) |
| Classification | CEN/TS 14961 classification ▸ Solid biofuels ▸ Herbaceous biomass ▸ Agriculture and Horticulture herb |
| ECN Phyllis classification ▸ grass/plant ▸ other plants ▸ thistle | |
| NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [240] gewassen ▸ [249] overige gewassen | |
| Sample date | 2011-08-30 |
| Sample location | Greece, Florina |
| Submitter | Lydia Fryda |
| Submitter organisation | ECN (Netherlands) |
| Submission date | 2015-04-15 |
| Literature | (1) Fernández, J.; Curt, M. D.; Aguado, P. L. Industrial applications of Cynara cardunculus L. for energy and other uses. Ind. Crops Prod. 2005, 24, 222−229. (2) Grammelis, P.; Malliopoulou, A.; Basinas, P.; Danalatos, N. G. Cultivation and characterization of Cynara cardunculus for solid biofuels production in the Mediterranean region. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9, 1241−1258. |
Values
| Property | Unit | Value | Std dev | Det lim | Lab | Date | Method | Remarks | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ar | dry | daf | ||||||||||||||||||
Main biomass properties |
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Proximate analysis |
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| Moisture content | wt% | 11.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ash content | wt% | 4.54 | 5.10 | |||||||||||||||||
| Ash content at 550°C | wt% | 5.52 | 6.20 | |||||||||||||||||
| Ash content at 815°C | wt% | 4.54 | 5.10 | |||||||||||||||||
| Volatile matter | wt% | 66.75 | 75.00 | 79.96 | ||||||||||||||||
| Fixed carbon | wt% | 16.73 | 18.80 | 20.04 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Ultimate analysis (macroelements) |
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| Carbon | wt% | 37.38 | 42.00 | 44.78 | ||||||||||||||||
| Hydrogen | wt% | 4.90 | 5.50 | 5.86 | ||||||||||||||||
| Oxygen | wt% | 38.27 | 43.00 | 45.84 | ||||||||||||||||
| Nitrogen | wt% | 0.49 | 0.55 | 0.59 | ||||||||||||||||
| Sulphur | wt% | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.16 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total (with halides) | wt% | 97.89 | 97.63 | 97.47 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Halides |
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| Chlorine (Cl) | mg/kg | 2 035.4 | 2 287.0 | 2 438.2 | ||||||||||||||||
Heating value |
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| Gross calorific value (HHV) | MJ/kg | 16.91 | 19.00 | 20.26 | ||||||||||||||||
| HHVMilne | MJ/kg | 14.50 | 16.29 | 17.36 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Trace elements composition |
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| Aluminium (Al) | mg/kg (dry) | 182.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Barium (Ba) | mg/kg (dry) | 23.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Calcium (Ca) | mg/kg (dry) | 12 205.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Iron (Fe) | mg/kg (dry) | 122.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Potassium (K) | mg/kg (dry) | 12 006.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Magnesium (Mg) | mg/kg (dry) | 1 320.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Manganese (Mn) | mg/kg (dry) | 16.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sodium (Na) | mg/kg (dry) | 4 012.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Phosphorus (P) | mg/kg (dry) | 895.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lead (Pb) | mg/kg (dry) | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Silicon (Si) | mg/kg (dry) | 700.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Titanium (Ti) | mg/kg (dry) | 14.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Zinc (Zn) | mg/kg (dry) | 14.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Special components |
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| Chlorine (Cl) | wt% (daf) | 0.23 | ||||||||||||||||||