Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
5.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
predried for storage |
| |
Ash content at 550°C |
wt%
|
3.49 |
3.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14775 |
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
73.41 |
77.90 |
80.89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
17.34 |
18.40 |
19.11 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
44.95 |
47.70 |
49.53 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.65 |
6.00 |
6.23 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
39.52 |
41.94 |
43.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
by difference |
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.47 |
0.50 |
0.52 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.15 |
0.16 |
0.17 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS15289 |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.28 |
100.29 |
100.30 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
2 753.4 |
2 922.0 |
3 034.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
15.64 |
16.75 |
17.39 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14918 |
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
17.02 |
18.06 |
18.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
17.96 |
19.06 |
19.79 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
9 706.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
183.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 040 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 050 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 065 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 070 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
930 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 040 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 080 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 285 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
Physical Properties
|
|
Commonly used properties
|
| |
Bulk density (ar) |
kg/m³
(ar)
|
219 |
|
|
|
|
|
loose, not shaken |
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
8.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
49.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
24.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|