Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
11.53 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
predried for storage |
| |
Ash content at 550°C |
wt%
|
5.20 |
5.88 |
|
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14775 |
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
67.33 |
76.10 |
80.85 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
15.94 |
18.02 |
19.15 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
40.87 |
46.20 |
49.09 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.04 |
5.70 |
6.06 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
36.75 |
41.54 |
44.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
by difference |
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.53 |
0.60 |
0.64 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.07 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS15289 |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.24 |
100.27 |
100.29 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
2 421.4 |
2 737.0 |
2 908.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
15.14 |
17.43 |
18.52 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14918 |
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.53 |
18.68 |
19.85 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
16.06 |
18.15 |
19.29 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
12 188.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
333.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
750 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 050 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
850 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 200 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
Physical Properties
|
|
Commonly used properties
|
| |
Bulk density (ar) |
kg/m³
(ar)
|
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
loose, not shaken |
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
62.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
19.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|