Fuel Properties
|
|
Proximate Analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
5.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
predried for storage |
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
73.99 |
78.50 |
81.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content at 550°C |
wt%
|
3.12 |
3.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14775 |
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
17.15 |
18.19 |
18.81 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate Analysis
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
44.40 |
47.10 |
48.71 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.66 |
6.00 |
6.21 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.57 |
0.60 |
0.62 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.52 |
0.55 |
0.57 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS15289 |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
39.25 |
41.64 |
43.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
by difference |
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
99.55 |
99.53 |
99.51 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Calorific Values
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.56 |
17.72 |
18.33 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14918 |
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
17.94 |
19.03 |
19.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
17.83 |
18.91 |
19.56 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
Chemical Analyses
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
3 078.5 |
3 266.0 |
3 377.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
|
Major elements
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
9 702.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
259.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
Physical Properties
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
835 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 005 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 020 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 220 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
920 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 000 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 170 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 240 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
|
Commonly used properties
|
| |
Bulk density (ar) |
kg/m³
(ar)
|
139 |
|
|
|
|
|
loose, not shaken |
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
42.79 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
7.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
25.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|