Reed Canary Grass (#3165)

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ID-number#3165
MaterialReed Canary Grass
Alternative nameReed Canary Grass
Descriptionspring harvest
Classification CEN/TS 14961 classification ▸ Solid biofuels ▸ Herbaceous biomass ▸ Agriculture and Horticulture herb ▸ Oil seed crops ▸ Stalks and leaves
ECN Phyllis classification ▸ grass/plant ▸ reed ▸ reed canary grass
NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [210] gras ▸ [219] overig gras
Sample date1996-01-01
Sample locationFinland
Sample lot size0,2-1 m3
CountryFinland
SubmitterVTT
Submitter organisationECN (Netherlands)
Submission date2008-09-05
Remarksash data, taken from original publication, added by ECN in 2012
LiteratureC. Wilén, A. Moilanen and E. Kurkula: Biomass feedstock analyses, VTT publications 282, Espoo 1996.

Values

Property Unit Value Std dev Det lim Lab Date Method Remarks
ar dry daf

Fuel Properties

Proximate Analysis
Moisture content wt% 8.85 predried for storage
Volatile matter wt% 67.00 73.50 80.64
Ash content at 550°C wt% 8.07 8.85 CEN/TS 14775
Fixed carbon wt% 16.09 17.65 19.36 Calculated

Ultimate Analysis
Carbon wt% 41.02 45.00 49.37 CEN/TS 15104
Hydrogen wt% 5.20 5.70 6.25 CEN/TS 15104
Nitrogen wt% 1.28 1.40 1.54 CEN/TS 15104
Sulphur wt% 0.13 0.14 0.15 CEN/TS15289
Oxygen wt% 35.47 38.91 42.69 by diffeence
Total (with halides) wt% 100.06 100.06 100.07 Calculated

Calorific Values
Net calorific value (LHV) MJ/kg 15.40 17.13 18.79 CEN/TS 14918
Gross calorific value (HHV) MJ/kg 16.74 18.37 20.15
HHVMilne MJ/kg 16.34 17.93 19.67 Calculated

Chemical Analyses

Halides
Chlorine (Cl) mg/kg 582.4 639.0 701.0 neutron activation

Major elements
Potassium (K) mg/kg (dry) 3 479.0 neutron activation
Sodium (Na) mg/kg (dry) 154.0 neutron activation

Physical Properties

Ash melting behaviour

American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
IDT (initial deformation temperature) °C 1 455 ASTM D 1857 Leco AF-600
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) °C 1 530 ASTM D 1857 Leco AF-600
HT (hemispherical temperature) °C 1 585 ASTM D 1857 Leco AF-600
FT (fluid temperature) °C 1 605 ASTM D 1857 Leco AF-600

American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
IDT (initial deformation temperature) °C 1 490 ASTM D 1857 Leco AF-600
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) °C 1 534 ASTM D 1857 Leco AF-600
HT (hemispherical temperature) °C 1 610 ASTM D 1857 Leco AF-600
FT (fluid temperature) °C 1 650 ASTM D 1857 Leco AF-600

Commonly used properties
Bulk density (ar) kg/m³ (ar) 88 loose, not shaken

Ash Properties

Ash composition
SO3 wt% (ash) 1.12
P2O5 wt% (ash) 4.12
SiO2 wt% (ash) 89.85
Fe2O3 wt% (ash) 1.13
Al2O3 wt% (ash) 1.42
CaO wt% (ash) 3.50
MgO wt% (ash) 1.48
Na2O wt% (ash) 0.12
K2O wt% (ash) 3.13
TiO2 wt% (ash) 0.05