Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
8.85 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
predried for storage |
| |
Ash content at 550°C |
wt%
|
8.07 |
8.85 |
|
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14775 |
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
67.00 |
73.50 |
80.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
16.09 |
17.65 |
19.36 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
41.02 |
45.00 |
49.37 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.20 |
5.70 |
6.25 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
35.47 |
38.91 |
42.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
by diffeence |
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
1.28 |
1.40 |
1.54 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.13 |
0.14 |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS15289 |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.06 |
100.06 |
100.07 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
582.4 |
639.0 |
701.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
15.40 |
17.13 |
18.79 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14918 |
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.74 |
18.37 |
20.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
16.34 |
17.93 |
19.67 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
3 479.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
154.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 455 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 530 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 585 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 605 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 490 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 534 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 610 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 650 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
Physical Properties
|
|
Commonly used properties
|
| |
Bulk density (ar) |
kg/m³
(ar)
|
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
loose, not shaken |
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
89.85 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
|