Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
8.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
predried for storage |
| |
Ash content at 550°C |
wt%
|
2.69 |
2.93 |
|
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14775 |
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
72.22 |
78.80 |
81.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
16.74 |
18.27 |
18.82 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
45.00 |
49.10 |
50.58 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.59 |
6.10 |
6.28 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
37.07 |
40.45 |
41.67 |
|
|
|
|
|
by difference |
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
1.19 |
1.30 |
1.34 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.11 |
0.12 |
0.12 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS15289 |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.05 |
100.06 |
100.06 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
538.9 |
588.0 |
605.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.94 |
18.71 |
19.27 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14918 |
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
18.37 |
20.04 |
20.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
18.11 |
19.76 |
20.36 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
5 147.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
133.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 510 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 550 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 530 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 620 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
Physical Properties
|
|
Commonly used properties
|
| |
Bulk density (ar) |
kg/m³
(ar)
|
126 |
|
|
|
|
|
loose, not shaken |
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
15.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
34.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
23.47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
|