Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
8.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content at 550°C |
wt%
|
2.62 |
2.86 |
|
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14775 |
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
72.59 |
79.20 |
81.53 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
16.44 |
17.94 |
18.47 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
44.08 |
48.10 |
49.52 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.41 |
5.90 |
6.07 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.07 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.19 |
0.21 |
0.22 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS15289 |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
60.82 |
57.25 |
55.99 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
884.4 |
965.0 |
993.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.33 |
18.04 |
18.57 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14918 |
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
17.72 |
19.33 |
19.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
5 768.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
166.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 500 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leo AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 600 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leo AF-600 |
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 610 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leo AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 630 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leo AF-600 |
Physical Properties
|
|
Commonly used properties
|
| |
Bulk density (ar) |
kg/m³
(ar)
|
110 |
|
|
|
|
|
loose, not shaken |
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
10.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
8.94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
29.38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
16.86 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|