Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
6.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content at 550°C |
wt%
|
1.25 |
1.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14775 |
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
74.30 |
79.30 |
80.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
18.15 |
19.37 |
19.63 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
48.07 |
51.30 |
51.99 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.72 |
6.10 |
6.18 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
38.28 |
40.85 |
41.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
by difference |
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.37 |
0.40 |
0.41 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15104 |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS15289 |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.01 |
100.01 |
100.01 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
71.2 |
76.0 |
77.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
17.97 |
19.34 |
19.60 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 14918 |
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
19.37 |
20.67 |
20.95 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
19.29 |
20.59 |
20.87 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1 377.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
76.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
neutron activation |
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 175 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 205 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 230 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 250 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 175 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 225 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 245 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 260 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 1857 |
Leco AF-600 |
Physical Properties
|
|
Commonly used properties
|
| |
Bulk density (ar) |
kg/m³
(ar)
|
313 |
|
|
|
|
|
loose, not shaken |
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
38.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
15.39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
8.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|