Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
11.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
ISO 589 |
|
| |
Ash content at 815°C |
wt%
|
6.53 |
7.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
ISO 1171 |
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
34.84 |
39.50 |
42.66 |
|
|
|
|
CEN/TS 15148 |
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
46.83 |
53.10 |
57.34 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
64.83 |
73.50 |
79.37 |
|
|
|
|
ISO/TS 12902 |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
4.32 |
4.90 |
5.29 |
|
|
|
|
ISO/TS 12902 |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
2.17 |
2.46 |
2.66 |
|
|
|
|
ISO/TS 12902 |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.19 |
0.22 |
0.24 |
|
|
|
|
ASTM D 4239 |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
89.84 |
88.48 |
87.56 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
25.31 |
29.02 |
31.34 |
|
|
|
|
ISO 1928 |
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
26.52 |
30.07 |
32.47 |
|
|
|
|
ISO 1928 |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
European standard method
|
| | |
DEF (deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HE (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 240 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FL (flow temperature) |
°C
|
1 320 |
|
|
|
|
|
|