Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
6.83 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
24.82 |
26.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
63.11 |
67.74 |
92.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
5.24 |
5.62 |
7.66 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
45.68 |
49.03 |
66.83 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
7.69 |
8.25 |
11.25 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
14.06 |
15.09 |
20.57 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.81 |
0.87 |
1.19 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.11 |
0.12 |
0.16 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
17.32 |
18.77 |
25.58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
19.16 |
20.57 |
28.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
23.69 |
25.42 |
34.66 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 220 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
7.71 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
36.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
16.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
21.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|