Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
2.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
62.20 |
63.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
25.85 |
26.42 |
72.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
9.79 |
10.01 |
27.48 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
30.30 |
30.97 |
85.00 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
2.16 |
2.21 |
6.06 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
0.92 |
0.94 |
2.58 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.95 |
0.97 |
2.67 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
1.32 |
1.35 |
3.70 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.01 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
11.30 |
11.60 |
31.85 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
11.82 |
12.08 |
33.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
12.71 |
12.99 |
35.65 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 160 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 165 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 195 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 210 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
38.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
8.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
18.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
22.09 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|