Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
2.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
18.23 |
18.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
54.94 |
56.20 |
69.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
24.59 |
25.15 |
30.92 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
78.38 |
80.18 |
98.56 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
7.81 |
7.99 |
9.82 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.49 |
0.50 |
0.62 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
1.88 |
1.92 |
2.36 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
109.03 |
109.24 |
111.36 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
31.40 |
32.18 |
39.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
33.16 |
33.92 |
41.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 120 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 420 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 445 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
6.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
37.98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
44.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.79 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|