hazelnut shell (#2875)
ID-number | #2875 |
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Material | hazelnut shell |
Classification | ECN Phyllis classification ▸ husk/shell/pit ▸ hazelnut ▸ hazelnut shell |
NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [230] restproducten (doppen) ▸ [239] overige doppen | |
Ash type | 600°C according to ASTM E 1755. Ash melting according to DIN 51730. Ash contains 1.59% ZnO and 0.29% SnO. |
Submitter organisation | ECN (Netherlands) |
Submission date | 2010-07-12 |
Remarks | Proximate analyses and calorific value according to ASTM standards. Extractives according to ASTM D 1105, lignin Van Soest, alpha cellulose (22.9%) TAPPI T203 om-88. Holocellulose 38.6%. |
Literature | H. Haykiri-Acma, S. Yaman, S. Kucukbayrak: Effect of biomass on temperatures of sintering and initial deformation of lignite ash. Fuel 89 (2010) 3063-3068. |
Values
Property | Unit | Value | Std dev | Det lim | Lab | Date | Method | Remarks | ||||||||||||
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ar | dry | daf | ||||||||||||||||||
Main biomass properties |
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Proximate analysis |
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Moisture content | wt% | 11.80 | ||||||||||||||||||
Ash content | wt% | 3.35 | 3.80 | |||||||||||||||||
Volatile matter | wt% | 67.91 | 77.00 | 80.04 | ||||||||||||||||
Fixed carbon | wt% | 16.93 | 19.20 | 19.96 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Ultimate analysis (macroelements) |
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Carbon | wt% | 40.81 | 46.27 | 48.10 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
Hydrogen | wt% | 5.26 | 5.96 | 6.20 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
Oxygen | wt% | 37.42 | 42.42 | 44.10 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Nitrogen | wt% | 1.36 | 1.54 | 1.60 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
Sulphur | wt% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
Total (with halides) | wt% | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Heating value |
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Net calorific value (LHV) | MJ/kg | 14.70 | 17.00 | 17.67 | ||||||||||||||||
Gross calorific value (HHV) | MJ/kg | 16.14 | 18.30 | 19.02 | ||||||||||||||||
HHVMilne | MJ/kg | 16.17 | 18.33 | 19.06 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Ash melting behaviour |
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American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions |
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IDT (initial deformation temperature) | °C | 1 300 | ||||||||||||||||||
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) | °C | 1 450 | ||||||||||||||||||
Biochemical analysis |
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Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin |
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Lignin | wt% (dry) | 51.50 | van Soest | |||||||||||||||||
Other |
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Extractives EtOH/toluene | wt% (dry) | 6.20 | Measured | |||||||||||||||||
Total ash + biochemical | wt% (dry) | 61.50 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||||
Ash Properties |
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Ash composition |
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SO3 | wt% (ash) | 4.24 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cl | wt% (ash) | 2.34 | ||||||||||||||||||
P2O5 | wt% (ash) | 5.14 | ||||||||||||||||||
SiO2 | wt% (ash) | 0.98 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fe2O3 | wt% (ash) | 1.34 | ||||||||||||||||||
Al2O3 | wt% (ash) | 10.42 | ||||||||||||||||||
CaO | wt% (ash) | 26.61 | ||||||||||||||||||
MgO | wt% (ash) | 6.22 | ||||||||||||||||||
Na2O | wt% (ash) | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
K2O | wt% (ash) | 40.34 | ||||||||||||||||||
TiO2 | wt% (ash) | 0.03 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cu | mg/kg (ash) | 799.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Mn | mg/kg (ash) | 1 317.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cr | mg/kg (ash) | 1 026.0 |