Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
71.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
4.42 |
15.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
20.19 |
71.61 |
84.93 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
3.58 |
12.71 |
15.07 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
12.55 |
44.50 |
52.78 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
1.46 |
5.18 |
6.14 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
9.54 |
33.84 |
40.13 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.14 |
0.51 |
0.60 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.05 |
0.16 |
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.08 |
100.30 |
100.36 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
1 212.6 |
4 300.0 |
5 099.6 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
2.66 |
15.67 |
18.58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
4.74 |
16.80 |
19.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
4.99 |
17.71 |
21.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 163 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 176 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 226 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.49 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
47.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
10.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
12.83 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
6.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
7.29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|