straw (#2804)
ID-number | #2804 |
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Material | straw |
Classification | ECN Phyllis classification ▸ straw (stalk/cob/ear) ▸ wheat |
NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [220] stro ▸ [223] tarwestro | |
Submitter organisation | ECN (Netherlands) |
Submission date | 2006-07-11 |
Remarks | Original article reports Lower Heating Value as received. May well have been HHV as received, in view of similar inaccuracy in specification of ultimate analysis. |
Literature | G. Jang, G.A. Husseini, L.L. Baxter, M.R. Linford: Analysis of straw by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface Science Spectra 11 (2004) 91-96 |
Values
Property | Unit | Value | Std dev | Det lim | Lab | Date | Method | Remarks | ||||||||||||
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ar | dry | daf | ||||||||||||||||||
Main biomass properties |
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Proximate analysis |
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Moisture content | wt% | 10.23 | ||||||||||||||||||
Ash content | wt% | 6.99 | 7.79 | |||||||||||||||||
Ultimate analysis (macroelements) |
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Carbon | wt% | 40.83 | 45.48 | 49.33 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
Hydrogen | wt% | 5.49 | 6.12 | 6.63 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
Oxygen | wt% | 35.87 | 39.96 | 43.33 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Nitrogen | wt% | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.57 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
Sulphur | wt% | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.14 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
Total (with halides) | wt% | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Heating value |
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Net calorific value (LHV) | MJ/kg | 15.93 | 18.03 | 19.55 | ||||||||||||||||
Gross calorific value (HHV) | MJ/kg | 17.38 | 19.36 | 21.00 | ||||||||||||||||
HHVMilne | MJ/kg | 16.73 | 18.64 | 20.21 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Ash Properties |
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Ash composition |
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SO3 | wt% (ash) | 4.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cl | wt% (ash) | 5.60 | ||||||||||||||||||
P2O5 | wt% (ash) | 3.20 | ||||||||||||||||||
SiO2 | wt% (ash) | 52.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fe2O3 | wt% (ash) | 1.10 | ||||||||||||||||||
Al2O3 | wt% (ash) | 0.60 | ||||||||||||||||||
CaO | wt% (ash) | 9.20 | ||||||||||||||||||
MgO | wt% (ash) | 1.80 | ||||||||||||||||||
Na2O | wt% (ash) | 0.30 | ||||||||||||||||||
K2O | wt% (ash) | 21.90 |