straw (#2804)
| ID-number | #2804 |
|---|---|
| Material | straw |
| Classification | ECN Phyllis classification ▸ straw (stalk/cob/ear) ▸ wheat |
| NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [220] stro ▸ [223] tarwestro | |
| Submitter organisation | ECN (Netherlands) |
| Submission date | 2006-07-11 |
| Remarks | Original article reports Lower Heating Value as received. May well have been HHV as received, in view of similar inaccuracy in specification of ultimate analysis. |
| Literature | G. Jang, G.A. Husseini, L.L. Baxter, M.R. Linford: Analysis of straw by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface Science Spectra 11 (2004) 91-96 |
Values
| Property | Unit | Value | Std dev | Det lim | Lab | Date | Method | Remarks | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ar | dry | daf | ||||||||||||||||||
Main biomass properties |
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Proximate analysis |
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| Moisture content | wt% | 10.23 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ash content | wt% | 6.99 | 7.79 | |||||||||||||||||
Ultimate analysis (macroelements) |
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| Carbon | wt% | 40.83 | 45.48 | 49.33 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Hydrogen | wt% | 5.49 | 6.12 | 6.63 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Oxygen | wt% | 35.87 | 39.96 | 43.33 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
| Nitrogen | wt% | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.57 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Sulphur | wt% | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.14 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Total (with halides) | wt% | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Heating value |
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| Net calorific value (LHV) | MJ/kg | 15.93 | 18.03 | 19.55 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross calorific value (HHV) | MJ/kg | 17.38 | 19.36 | 21.00 | ||||||||||||||||
| HHVMilne | MJ/kg | 16.73 | 18.64 | 20.21 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Ash Properties |
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Ash composition |
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| SO3 | wt% (ash) | 4.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cl | wt% (ash) | 5.60 | ||||||||||||||||||
| P2O5 | wt% (ash) | 3.20 | ||||||||||||||||||
| SiO2 | wt% (ash) | 52.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fe2O3 | wt% (ash) | 1.10 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Al2O3 | wt% (ash) | 0.60 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CaO | wt% (ash) | 9.20 | ||||||||||||||||||
| MgO | wt% (ash) | 1.80 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Na2O | wt% (ash) | 0.30 | ||||||||||||||||||
| K2O | wt% (ash) | 21.90 | ||||||||||||||||||