Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
7.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
17.78 |
19.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
58.58 |
63.60 |
78.81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
15.75 |
17.10 |
21.19 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
33.52 |
36.40 |
45.11 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
4.42 |
4.80 |
5.95 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
33.62 |
36.50 |
45.23 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.83 |
0.90 |
1.12 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.27 |
0.29 |
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
99.52 |
99.48 |
99.35 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
11 788.8 |
12 800.0 |
15 861.2 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Fluorine (F) |
mg/kg
|
64.5 |
70.0 |
86.7 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
13.76 |
15.15 |
18.78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
14.92 |
16.20 |
20.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
12.94 |
14.05 |
17.41 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Aluminium (Al) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
5 883.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Arsenic (As) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.6 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Boron (B) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
14.5 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Barium (Ba) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
86.8 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Calcium (Ca) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
8 531.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Cobalt (Co) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.4 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Chromium (Cr) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
36.4 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
6.1 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Iron (Fe) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
3 351.1 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
21 561.3 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Magnesium (Mg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
3 674.1 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Manganese (Mn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
111.9 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Molybdenium (Mo) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
3 230.7 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Nickel (Ni) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
117.6 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Phosphorus (P) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1 177.7 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
8.4 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Antimony (Sb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
7.7 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Selenium (Se) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Silicon (Si) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
29 856.8 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Tin (Sn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Strontium (Sr) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
77.1 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Titanium (Ti) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
199.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Vanadium (V) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
6.7 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Zinc (Zn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
18.4 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
Physical Properties
|
|
Commonly used properties
|
| |
Bulk density (ar) |
kg/m³
(ar)
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|