almond shells (#2064)
| ID-number | #2064 |
|---|---|
| Material | almond shells |
| Classification | ECN Phyllis classification ▸ husk/shell/pit ▸ almond ▸ almond shells |
| NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [230] restproducten (doppen) ▸ [235] amandeldoppen | |
| Submitter organisation | ECN (Netherlands) |
| Submission date | 2001-04-05 |
| Remarks | charcoal yield 36.7% at 1 MPa, fixed-C yield 28.9% |
| Literature | Antal,M.J., Allen,S.G., Dai,X, Shimizu,B., Tam,M.S. and Grønli: Attainment of the theoretical yield of carbon from biomass. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 39 (2000) 4024-4031 |
Values
| Property | Unit | Value | Std dev | Det lim | Lab | Date | Method | Remarks | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ar | dry | daf | ||||||||||||||||||
Main biomass properties |
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Proximate analysis |
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| Moisture content | wt% (ar) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Ash content | wt% | 1.03 | ||||||||||||||||||
Ultimate analysis (macroelements) |
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| Carbon | wt% | 49.94 | 50.46 | Measured | ||||||||||||||||
| Hydrogen | wt% | 5.79 | 5.85 | Measured | ||||||||||||||||
| Oxygen | wt% | 45.01 | 45.48 | Measured | ||||||||||||||||
| Nitrogen | wt% | 0.17 | 0.17 | Measured | ||||||||||||||||
| Sulphur | wt% | 0.01 | 0.01 | Measured | ||||||||||||||||
| Total (with halides) | wt% | 101.95 | 101.97 | Calculated | ||||||||||||||||
Heating value |
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| HHVMilne | MJ/kg | 19.25 | 19.45 | Calculated | ||||||||||||||||
Biochemical analysis |
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Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin |
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| Cellulose | wt% (dry) | 24.70 | Sugar Analysis | |||||||||||||||||
| Hemicellulose | wt% (dry) | 27.00 | Sugar Analysis | |||||||||||||||||
| Lignin | wt% (dry) | 27.20 | Measured | |||||||||||||||||
Lignin analysis |
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| Acid insoluble lignin (Klason) (AIL) | wt% (dry) | 27.20 | Measured | |||||||||||||||||
Other |
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C5 |
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| Arabinan | wt% (dry) | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Xylan | wt% (dry) | 28.70 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sum C5 | wt% (dry) | 28.70 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||||
C6 |
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| Mannan | wt% (dry) | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Galactan | wt% (dry) | 2.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Glucan | wt% (dry) | 27.50 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sum C6 | wt% (dry) | 29.50 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||||
| Total ash + biochemical | wt% (dry) | 79.93 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||||